poky/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/wic.py

#
# Copyright (c) 2015, Intel Corporation.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# AUTHORS
# Ed Bartosh <ed.bartosh@linux.intel.com>

"""Test cases for wic."""

import os
import sys
import unittest
import hashlib

from glob import glob
from shutil import rmtree, copy
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile

from oeqa.selftest.case import OESelftestTestCase
from oeqa.core.decorator import OETestTag
from oeqa.core.decorator.data import skipIfNotArch
from oeqa.utils.commands import runCmd, bitbake, get_bb_var, get_bb_vars, runqemu


def extract_files(debugfs_output):
    """
    extract file names from the output of debugfs -R 'ls -p',
    which looks like this:

     /2/040755/0/0/.//\n
     /2/040755/0/0/..//\n
     /11/040700/0/0/lost+found^M//\n
     /12/040755/1002/1002/run//\n
     /13/040755/1002/1002/sys//\n
     /14/040755/1002/1002/bin//\n
     /80/040755/1002/1002/var//\n
     /92/040755/1002/1002/tmp//\n
    """
    # NOTE the occasional ^M in file names
    return [line.split('/')[5].strip() for line in \
            debugfs_output.strip().split('/\n')]

def files_own_by_root(debugfs_output):
    for line in debugfs_output.strip().split('/\n'):
        if line.split('/')[3:5] != ['0', '0']:
            print(debugfs_output)
            return False
    return True

class WicTestCase(OESelftestTestCase):
    """Wic test class."""

    image_is_ready = False
    wicenv_cache = {}

    def setUpLocal(self):
        """This code is executed before each test method."""
        self.resultdir = os.path.join(self.builddir, "wic-tmp")
        super(WicTestCase, self).setUpLocal()

        # Do this here instead of in setUpClass as the base setUp does some
        # clean up which can result in the native tools built earlier in
        # setUpClass being unavailable.
        if not WicTestCase.image_is_ready:
            if self.td['USE_NLS'] != 'yes':
                self.skipTest('wic-tools needs USE_NLS=yes')

            bitbake('wic-tools core-image-minimal core-image-minimal-mtdutils')
            WicTestCase.image_is_ready = True
        rmtree(self.resultdir, ignore_errors=True)

    def tearDownLocal(self):
        """Remove resultdir as it may contain images."""
        rmtree(self.resultdir, ignore_errors=True)
        super(WicTestCase, self).tearDownLocal()

    def _get_image_env_path(self, image):
        """Generate and obtain the path to <image>.env"""
        if image not in WicTestCase.wicenv_cache:
            bitbake('%s -c do_rootfs_wicenv' % image)
            stdir = get_bb_var('STAGING_DIR', image)
            machine = self.td["MACHINE"]
            WicTestCase.wicenv_cache[image] = os.path.join(stdir, machine, 'imgdata')
        return WicTestCase.wicenv_cache[image]

class CLITests(OESelftestTestCase):
    def test_version(self):
        """Test wic --version"""
        runCmd('wic --version')

    def test_help(self):
        """Test wic --help and wic -h"""
        runCmd('wic --help')
        runCmd('wic -h')

    def test_createhelp(self):
        """Test wic create --help"""
        runCmd('wic create --help')

    def test_listhelp(self):
        """Test wic list --help"""
        runCmd('wic list --help')

    def test_help_create(self):
        """Test wic help create"""
        runCmd('wic help create')

    def test_help_list(self):
        """Test wic help list"""
        runCmd('wic help list')

    def test_help_overview(self):
        """Test wic help overview"""
        runCmd('wic help overview')

    def test_help_plugins(self):
        """Test wic help plugins"""
        runCmd('wic help plugins')

    def test_help_kickstart(self):
        """Test wic help kickstart"""
        runCmd('wic help kickstart')

    def test_list_images(self):
        """Test wic list images"""
        runCmd('wic list images')

    def test_list_source_plugins(self):
        """Test wic list source-plugins"""
        runCmd('wic list source-plugins')

    def test_listed_images_help(self):
        """Test wic listed images help"""
        output = runCmd('wic list images').output
        imagelist = [line.split()[0] for line in output.splitlines()]
        for image in imagelist:
            runCmd('wic list %s help' % image)

    def test_unsupported_subcommand(self):
        """Test unsupported subcommand"""
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd('wic unsupported', ignore_status=True).status)

    def test_no_command(self):
        """Test wic without command"""
        self.assertEqual(1, runCmd('wic', ignore_status=True).status)

class Wic(WicTestCase):
    def test_build_image_name(self):
        """Test wic create wictestdisk --image-name=core-image-minimal"""
        cmd = "wic create wictestdisk --image-name=core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join (self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_gpt_image(self):
        """Test creation of core-image-minimal with gpt table and UUID boot"""
        cmd = "wic create directdisk-gpt --image-name core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "directdisk-*.direct"))))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_iso_image(self):
        """Test creation of hybrid iso image with legacy and EFI boot"""
        config = 'INITRAMFS_IMAGE = "core-image-minimal-initramfs"\n'\
                 'MACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'\
                 'DEPENDS:pn-core-image-minimal += "syslinux"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal core-image-minimal-initramfs')
        self.remove_config(config)
        cmd = "wic create mkhybridiso --image-name core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "HYBRID_ISO_IMG-*.direct"))))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join (self.resultdir, "HYBRID_ISO_IMG-*.iso"))))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_qemux86_directdisk(self):
        """Test creation of qemux-86-directdisk image"""
        cmd = "wic create qemux86-directdisk -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "qemux86-directdisk-*direct"))))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64', 'aarch64'])
    def test_mkefidisk(self):
        """Test creation of mkefidisk image"""
        cmd = "wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "mkefidisk-*direct"))))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_bootloader_config(self):
        """Test creation of directdisk-bootloader-config image"""
        config = 'DEPENDS:pn-core-image-minimal += "syslinux"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)
        cmd = "wic create directdisk-bootloader-config -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "directdisk-bootloader-config-*direct"))))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64', 'aarch64'])
    def test_systemd_bootdisk(self):
        """Test creation of systemd-bootdisk image"""
        config = 'MACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)
        cmd = "wic create systemd-bootdisk -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "systemd-bootdisk-*direct"))))

    def test_efi_bootpart(self):
        """Test creation of efi-bootpart image"""
        cmd = "wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        kimgtype = get_bb_var('KERNEL_IMAGETYPE', 'core-image-minimal')
        self.append_config('IMAGE_EFI_BOOT_FILES = "%s;kernel"\n' % kimgtype)
        runCmd(cmd)
        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "mkefidisk-*.direct"))
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))       
        self.assertIn("kernel",result.output)

    def test_sdimage_bootpart(self):
        """Test creation of sdimage-bootpart image"""
        cmd = "wic create sdimage-bootpart -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % self.resultdir
        kimgtype = get_bb_var('KERNEL_IMAGETYPE', 'core-image-minimal')
        self.write_config('IMAGE_BOOT_FILES = "%s"\n' % kimgtype)
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "sdimage-bootpart-*direct"))))

    # TODO this doesn't have to be x86-specific
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_default_output_dir(self):
        """Test default output location"""
        for fname in glob("directdisk-*.direct"):
            os.remove(fname)
        config = 'DEPENDS:pn-core-image-minimal += "syslinux"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)
        cmd = "wic create directdisk -e core-image-minimal"
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob("directdisk-*.direct")))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_build_artifacts(self):
        """Test wic create directdisk providing all artifacts."""
        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['STAGING_DATADIR', 'RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE'],
                              'wic-tools')
        bb_vars.update(get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_ROOTFS'],
                                   'core-image-minimal'))
        bbvars = {key.lower(): value for key, value in bb_vars.items()}
        bbvars['resultdir'] = self.resultdir
        runCmd("wic create directdisk "
                        "-b %(staging_datadir)s "
                        "-k %(deploy_dir_image)s "
                        "-n %(recipe_sysroot_native)s "
                        "-r %(image_rootfs)s "
                        "-o %(resultdir)s" % bbvars)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "directdisk-*.direct"))))

    def test_compress_gzip(self):
        """Test compressing an image with gzip"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name core-image-minimal "
                                   "-c gzip -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct.gz"))))

    def test_compress_bzip2(self):
        """Test compressing an image with bzip2"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-c bzip2 -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct.bz2"))))

    def test_compress_xz(self):
        """Test compressing an image with xz"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "--compress-with=xz -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct.xz"))))

    def test_wrong_compressor(self):
        """Test how wic breaks if wrong compressor is provided"""
        self.assertEqual(2, runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-c wrong -o %s" % self.resultdir,
                                   ignore_status=True).status)

    def test_debug_short(self):
        """Test -D option"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "tmp.wic*"))))

    def test_debug_long(self):
        """Test --debug option"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "--debug -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "tmp.wic*"))))

    def test_skip_build_check_short(self):
        """Test -s option"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-s -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))

    def test_skip_build_check_long(self):
        """Test --skip-build-check option"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "--skip-build-check "
                                   "--outdir %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))

    def test_build_rootfs_short(self):
        """Test -f option"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-f -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))

    def test_build_rootfs_long(self):
        """Test --build-rootfs option"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "--build-rootfs "
                                   "--outdir %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))))

    # TODO this doesn't have to be x86-specific
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_rootfs_indirect_recipes(self):
        """Test usage of rootfs plugin with rootfs recipes"""
        runCmd("wic create directdisk-multi-rootfs "
                        "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                        "--rootfs rootfs1=core-image-minimal "
                        "--rootfs rootfs2=core-image-minimal "
                        "--outdir %s" % self.resultdir)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "directdisk-multi-rootfs*.direct"))))

    # TODO this doesn't have to be x86-specific
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_rootfs_artifacts(self):
        """Test usage of rootfs plugin with rootfs paths"""
        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['STAGING_DATADIR', 'RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE'],
                              'wic-tools')
        bb_vars.update(get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_ROOTFS'],
                                   'core-image-minimal'))
        bbvars = {key.lower(): value for key, value in bb_vars.items()}
        bbvars['wks'] = "directdisk-multi-rootfs"
        bbvars['resultdir'] = self.resultdir
        runCmd("wic create %(wks)s "
                        "--bootimg-dir=%(staging_datadir)s "
                        "--kernel-dir=%(deploy_dir_image)s "
                        "--native-sysroot=%(recipe_sysroot_native)s "
                        "--rootfs-dir rootfs1=%(image_rootfs)s "
                        "--rootfs-dir rootfs2=%(image_rootfs)s "
                        "--outdir %(resultdir)s" % bbvars)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%(wks)s-*.direct" % bbvars))))

    def test_exclude_path(self):
        """Test --exclude-path wks option."""

        oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
        os.environ['PATH'] = get_bb_var("PATH", "wic-tools")

        try:
            wks_file = 'temp.wks'
            with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
                rootfs_dir = get_bb_var('IMAGE_ROOTFS', 'core-image-minimal')
                wks.write("""
part / --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4 --exclude-path usr
part /usr --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4 --rootfs-dir %s/usr
part /etc --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4 --exclude-path bin/ --rootfs-dir %s/usr"""
                          % (rootfs_dir, rootfs_dir))
            runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                       % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

            os.remove(wks_file)
            wicout = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*direct" % 'temp'))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(wicout))

            wicimg = wicout[0]

            # verify partition size with wic
            res = runCmd("parted -m %s unit b p 2>/dev/null" % wicimg)

            # parse parted output which looks like this:
            # BYT;\n
            # /var/tmp/wic/build/tmpfwvjjkf_-201611101222-hda.direct:200MiB:file:512:512:msdos::;\n
            # 1:0.00MiB:200MiB:200MiB:ext4::;\n
            partlns = res.output.splitlines()[2:]

            self.assertEqual(3, len(partlns))

            for part in [1, 2, 3]:
                part_file = os.path.join(self.resultdir, "selftest_img.part%d" % part)
                partln = partlns[part-1].split(":")
                self.assertEqual(7, len(partln))
                start = int(partln[1].rstrip("B")) / 512
                length = int(partln[3].rstrip("B")) / 512
                runCmd("dd if=%s of=%s skip=%d count=%d" %
                                           (wicimg, part_file, start, length))

            # Test partition 1, should contain the normal root directories, except
            # /usr.
            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % \
                             os.path.join(self.resultdir, "selftest_img.part1"))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertIn("etc", files)
            self.assertNotIn("usr", files)

            # Partition 2, should contain common directories for /usr, not root
            # directories.
            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % \
                             os.path.join(self.resultdir, "selftest_img.part2"))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertNotIn("etc", files)
            self.assertNotIn("usr", files)
            self.assertIn("share", files)

            # Partition 3, should contain the same as partition 2, including the bin
            # directory, but not the files inside it.
            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % \
                             os.path.join(self.resultdir, "selftest_img.part3"))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertNotIn("etc", files)
            self.assertNotIn("usr", files)
            self.assertIn("share", files)
            self.assertIn("bin", files)
            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p bin' %s 2>/dev/null" % \
                             os.path.join(self.resultdir, "selftest_img.part3"))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertIn(".", files)
            self.assertIn("..", files)
            self.assertEqual(2, len(files))

            for part in [1, 2, 3]:
                part_file = os.path.join(self.resultdir, "selftest_img.part%d" % part)
                os.remove(part_file)

        finally:
            os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath

    def test_include_path(self):
        """Test --include-path wks option."""

        oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
        os.environ['PATH'] = get_bb_var("PATH", "wic-tools")

        try:
            include_path = os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'test-include')
            os.makedirs(include_path)
            with open(os.path.join(include_path, 'test-file'), 'w') as t:
                t.write("test\n")
            wks_file = os.path.join(include_path, 'temp.wks')
            with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
                rootfs_dir = get_bb_var('IMAGE_ROOTFS', 'core-image-minimal')
                wks.write("""
part /part1 --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4
part /part2 --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4 --include-path %s"""
                          % (include_path))
            runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                       % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

            part1 = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'temp-*.direct.p1'))[0]
            part2 = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'temp-*.direct.p2'))[0]

            # Test partition 1, should not contain 'test-file'
            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part1))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertNotIn('test-file', files)
            self.assertEqual(True, files_own_by_root(res.output))

            # Test partition 2, should contain 'test-file'
            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part2))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertIn('test-file', files)
            self.assertEqual(True, files_own_by_root(res.output))

        finally:
            os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath

    def test_include_path_embeded(self):
        """Test --include-path wks option."""

        oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
        os.environ['PATH'] = get_bb_var("PATH", "wic-tools")

        try:
            include_path = os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'test-include')
            os.makedirs(include_path)
            with open(os.path.join(include_path, 'test-file'), 'w') as t:
                t.write("test\n")
            wks_file = os.path.join(include_path, 'temp.wks')
            with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
                wks.write("""
part / --source rootfs  --fstype=ext4 --include-path %s --include-path core-image-minimal-mtdutils export/"""
                          % (include_path))
            runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                       % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

            part1 = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'temp-*.direct.p1'))[0]

            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part1))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertIn('test-file', files)
            self.assertEqual(True, files_own_by_root(res.output))

            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p /export/etc/' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part1))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertIn('passwd', files)
            self.assertEqual(True, files_own_by_root(res.output))

        finally:
            os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath

    def test_include_path_errors(self):
        """Test --include-path wks option error handling."""
        wks_file = 'temp.wks'

        # Absolute argument.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --include-path core-image-minimal-mtdutils /export")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

        # Argument pointing to parent directory.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --include-path core-image-minimal-mtdutils ././..")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

        # 3 Argument pointing to parent directory.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --include-path core-image-minimal-mtdutils export/ dummy")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

    def test_exclude_path_errors(self):
        """Test --exclude-path wks option error handling."""
        wks_file = 'temp.wks'

        # Absolute argument.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4 --exclude-path /usr")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

        # Argument pointing to parent directory.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --ondisk mmcblk0 --fstype=ext4 --exclude-path ././..")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

    def test_permissions(self):
        """Test permissions are respected"""

        # prepare wicenv and rootfs
        bitbake('core-image-minimal core-image-minimal-mtdutils -c do_rootfs_wicenv')

        oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
        os.environ['PATH'] = get_bb_var("PATH", "wic-tools")

        t_normal = """
part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4
"""
        t_exclude = """
part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --exclude-path=home
"""
        t_multi = """
part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext4
part /export --source rootfs --rootfs=core-image-minimal-mtdutils --fstype=ext4
"""
        t_change = """
part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext4 --exclude-path=etc/   
part /etc --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --change-directory=etc
"""
        tests = [t_normal, t_exclude, t_multi, t_change]

        try:
            for test in tests:
                include_path = os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'test-include')
                os.makedirs(include_path)
                wks_file = os.path.join(include_path, 'temp.wks')
                with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
                    wks.write(test)
                runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                       % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

                for part in glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'temp-*.direct.p*')):
                    res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part))
                    self.assertEqual(True, files_own_by_root(res.output))

                config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES += "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "%s"\n' % wks_file
                self.append_config(config)
                bitbake('core-image-minimal')
                tmpdir = os.path.join(get_bb_var('WORKDIR', 'core-image-minimal'),'build-wic')

                # check each partition for permission
                for part in glob(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'temp-*.direct.p*')):
                    res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part))
                    self.assertTrue(files_own_by_root(res.output)
                        ,msg='Files permission incorrect using wks set "%s"' % test)

                # clean config and result directory for next cases
                self.remove_config(config)
                rmtree(self.resultdir, ignore_errors=True)

        finally:
            os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath

    def test_change_directory(self):
        """Test --change-directory wks option."""

        oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
        os.environ['PATH'] = get_bb_var("PATH", "wic-tools")

        try:
            include_path = os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'test-include')
            os.makedirs(include_path)
            wks_file = os.path.join(include_path, 'temp.wks')
            with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
                wks.write("part /etc --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --change-directory=etc")
            runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                       % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

            part1 = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'temp-*.direct.p1'))[0]

            res = runCmd("debugfs -R 'ls -p' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part1))
            files = extract_files(res.output)
            self.assertIn('passwd', files)

        finally:
            os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath

    def test_change_directory_errors(self):
        """Test --change-directory wks option error handling."""
        wks_file = 'temp.wks'

        # Absolute argument.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --change-directory /usr")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

        # Argument pointing to parent directory.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --change-directory ././..")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

    def test_no_fstab_update(self):
        """Test --no-fstab-update wks option."""

        oldpath = os.environ['PATH']
        os.environ['PATH'] = get_bb_var("PATH", "wic-tools")

        # Get stock fstab from base-files recipe
        bitbake('base-files -c do_install')
        bf_fstab = os.path.join(get_bb_var('D', 'base-files'), 'etc', 'fstab')
        self.assertEqual(True, os.path.exists(bf_fstab))
        bf_fstab_md5sum = runCmd('md5sum %s 2>/dev/null' % bf_fstab).output.split(" ")[0]

        try:
            no_fstab_update_path = os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'test-no-fstab-update')
            os.makedirs(no_fstab_update_path)
            wks_file = os.path.join(no_fstab_update_path, 'temp.wks')
            with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
                wks.writelines(['part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --label rootfs\n',
                                'part /mnt/p2 --source rootfs --rootfs-dir=core-image-minimal ',
                                '--fstype=ext4 --label p2 --no-fstab-update\n'])
            runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                       % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

            part_fstab_md5sum = []
            for i in range(1, 3):
                part = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'temp-*.direct.p') + str(i))[0]
                part_fstab = runCmd("debugfs -R 'cat etc/fstab' %s 2>/dev/null" % (part))
                part_fstab_md5sum.append(hashlib.md5((part_fstab.output + "\n\n").encode('utf-8')).hexdigest())

            # '/etc/fstab' in partition 2 should contain the same stock fstab file
            # as the one installed by the base-file recipe.
            self.assertEqual(bf_fstab_md5sum, part_fstab_md5sum[1])

            # '/etc/fstab' in partition 1 should contain an updated fstab file.
            self.assertNotEqual(bf_fstab_md5sum, part_fstab_md5sum[0])

        finally:
            os.environ['PATH'] = oldpath

    def test_no_fstab_update_errors(self):
        """Test --no-fstab-update wks option error handling."""
        wks_file = 'temp.wks'

        # Absolute argument.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --no-fstab-update /etc")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

        # Argument pointing to parent directory.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --no-fstab-update ././..")
        self.assertNotEqual(0, runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" \
                                      % (wks_file, self.resultdir), ignore_status=True).status)
        os.remove(wks_file)

    def test_extra_space(self):
        """Test --extra-space wks option."""
        extraspace = 1024**3
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name core-image-minimal "
                                   "--extra-space %i -o %s" % (extraspace ,self.resultdir))
        wicout = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(wicout))
        size = os.path.getsize(wicout[0])
        self.assertTrue(size > extraspace, msg="Extra space not present (%s vs %s)" % (size, extraspace))

    def test_no_table(self):
        """Test --no-table wks option."""
        wks_file = 'temp.wks'

        # Absolute argument.
        with open(wks_file, 'w') as wks:
            wks.write("part testspace --no-table --fixed-size 16k --offset 4080k")
        runCmd("wic create %s --image-name core-image-minimal -o %s" % (wks_file, self.resultdir))

        wicout = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "*.*"))

        self.assertEqual(1, len(wicout))
        size = os.path.getsize(wicout[0])
        self.assertEqual(size, 4 * 1024 * 1024)

        os.remove(wks_file)

class Wic2(WicTestCase):

    def test_bmap_short(self):
        """Test generation of .bmap file -m option"""
        cmd = "wic create wictestdisk -e core-image-minimal -m -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*direct"))))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*direct.bmap"))))

    def test_bmap_long(self):
        """Test generation of .bmap file --bmap option"""
        cmd = "wic create wictestdisk -e core-image-minimal --bmap -o %s" % self.resultdir
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*direct"))))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*direct.bmap"))))

    def test_image_env(self):
        """Test generation of <image>.env files."""
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        imgdatadir = self._get_image_env_path(image)

        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['IMAGE_BASENAME', 'WICVARS'], image)
        basename = bb_vars['IMAGE_BASENAME']
        self.assertEqual(basename, image)
        path = os.path.join(imgdatadir, basename) + '.env'
        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(path), msg="File %s wasn't generated as expected" % path)

        wicvars = set(bb_vars['WICVARS'].split())
        # filter out optional variables
        wicvars = wicvars.difference(('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_BOOT_FILES',
                                      'INITRD', 'INITRD_LIVE', 'ISODIR','INITRAMFS_IMAGE',
                                      'INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE', 'INITRAMFS_LINK_NAME',
                                      'APPEND', 'IMAGE_EFI_BOOT_FILES'))
        with open(path) as envfile:
            content = dict(line.split("=", 1) for line in envfile)
            # test if variables used by wic present in the .env file
            for var in wicvars:
                self.assertTrue(var in content, "%s is not in .env file" % var)
                self.assertTrue(content[var], "%s doesn't have a value (%s)" % (var, content[var]))

    def test_image_vars_dir_short(self):
        """Test image vars directory selection -v option"""
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        imgenvdir = self._get_image_env_path(image)
        native_sysroot = get_bb_var("RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE", "wic-tools")

        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=%s -v %s -n %s -o %s"
                                   % (image, imgenvdir, native_sysroot,
                                      self.resultdir))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*direct"))))

    def test_image_vars_dir_long(self):
        """Test image vars directory selection --vars option"""
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        imgenvdir = self._get_image_env_path(image)
        native_sysroot = get_bb_var("RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE", "wic-tools")

        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=%s "
                                   "--vars %s "
                                   "--native-sysroot %s "
                                   "--outdir %s"
                                   % (image, imgenvdir, native_sysroot,
                                      self.resultdir))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*direct"))))

    # TODO this test could also work on aarch64
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_wic_image_type(self):
        """Test building wic images by bitbake"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES += "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "wic-image-minimal"\n'\
                 'MACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        image = 'wic-image-minimal'
        bitbake(image)
        self.remove_config(config)

        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_LINK_NAME'], image)
        prefix = os.path.join(bb_vars['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'], '%s.' % bb_vars['IMAGE_LINK_NAME'])

        # check if we have result image and manifests symlinks
        # pointing to existing files
        for suffix in ('wic', 'manifest'):
            path = prefix + suffix
            self.assertTrue(os.path.islink(path), msg="Link %s wasn't generated as expected" % path)
            self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(os.path.realpath(path)), msg="File linked to by %s wasn't generated as expected" % path)

    # TODO this should work on aarch64
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    @OETestTag("runqemu")
    def test_qemu(self):
        """Test wic-image-minimal under qemu"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES += "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "wic-image-minimal"\n'\
                 'MACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('wic-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)

        with runqemu('wic-image-minimal', ssh=False, runqemuparams='nographic') as qemu:
            cmd = "mount | grep '^/dev/' | cut -f1,3 -d ' ' | egrep -c -e '/dev/sda1 /boot' " \
                  "-e '/dev/root /|/dev/sda2 /' -e '/dev/sda3 /media' -e '/dev/sda4 /mnt'"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '4')
            cmd = "grep UUID=2c71ef06-a81d-4735-9d3a-379b69c6bdba /etc/fstab"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, 'UUID=2c71ef06-a81d-4735-9d3a-379b69c6bdba\t/media\text4\tdefaults\t0\t0')

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    @OETestTag("runqemu")
    def test_qemu_efi(self):
        """Test core-image-minimal efi image under qemu"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "mkefidisk.wks"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal ovmf')
        self.remove_config(config)

        with runqemu('core-image-minimal', ssh=False,
                     runqemuparams='nographic ovmf', image_fstype='wic') as qemu:
            cmd = "grep sda. /proc/partitions  |wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '3')

    @staticmethod
    def _make_fixed_size_wks(size):
        """
        Create a wks of an image with a single partition. Size of the partition is set
        using --fixed-size flag. Returns a tuple: (path to wks file, wks image name)
        """
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks", delete=False) as tempf:
            wkspath = tempf.name
            tempf.write("part " \
                     "--source rootfs --ondisk hda --align 4 --fixed-size %d "
                     "--fstype=ext4\n" % size)

        return wkspath

    def _get_wic_partitions(self, wkspath, native_sysroot=None, ignore_status=False):
        p = runCmd("wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % (wkspath, self.resultdir),
                   ignore_status=ignore_status)

        if p.status:
            return (p, None)

        wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wkspath))[0]

        wicout = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*direct" % wksname))

        if not wicout:
            return (p, None)

        wicimg = wicout[0]

        if not native_sysroot:
            native_sysroot = get_bb_var("RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE", "wic-tools")

        # verify partition size with wic
        res = runCmd("parted -m %s unit kib p 2>/dev/null" % wicimg,
                     native_sysroot=native_sysroot)

        # parse parted output which looks like this:
        # BYT;\n
        # /var/tmp/wic/build/tmpfwvjjkf_-201611101222-hda.direct:200MiB:file:512:512:msdos::;\n
        # 1:0.00MiB:200MiB:200MiB:ext4::;\n
        return (p, res.output.splitlines()[2:])

    def test_fixed_size(self):
        """
        Test creation of a simple image with partition size controlled through
        --fixed-size flag
        """
        wkspath = Wic2._make_fixed_size_wks(200)
        _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(wkspath)
        os.remove(wkspath)

        self.assertEqual(partlns, [
                        "1:4.00kiB:204804kiB:204800kiB:ext4::;",
                        ])

    def test_fixed_size_error(self):
        """
        Test creation of a simple image with partition size controlled through
        --fixed-size flag. The size of partition is intentionally set to 1MiB
        in order to trigger an error in wic.
        """
        wkspath = Wic2._make_fixed_size_wks(1)
        p, _ = self._get_wic_partitions(wkspath, ignore_status=True)
        os.remove(wkspath)

        self.assertNotEqual(p.status, 0, "wic exited successfully when an error was expected:\n%s" % p.output)

    def test_offset(self):
        native_sysroot = get_bb_var("RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE", "wic-tools")

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that partitions are placed at the correct offsets, default KB
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 32     --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n" \
                        "part /bar                 --ondisk hda --offset 102432 --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, native_sysroot)
            self.assertEqual(partlns, [
                "1:32.0kiB:102432kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                "2:102432kiB:204832kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                ])

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that partitions are placed at the correct offsets, same with explicit KB
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 32K     --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n" \
                        "part /bar                 --ondisk hda --offset 102432K --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, native_sysroot)
            self.assertEqual(partlns, [
                "1:32.0kiB:102432kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                "2:102432kiB:204832kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                ])

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that partitions are placed at the correct offsets using MB
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 32K  --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n" \
                        "part /bar                 --ondisk hda --offset 101M --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, native_sysroot)
            self.assertEqual(partlns, [
                "1:32.0kiB:102432kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                "2:103424kiB:205824kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                ])

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that partitions can be placed on a 512 byte sector boundary
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 65s --fixed-size 99M --fstype=ext4\n" \
                        "part /bar                 --ondisk hda --offset 102432 --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, native_sysroot)
            self.assertEqual(partlns, [
                "1:32.5kiB:101408kiB:101376kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                "2:102432kiB:204832kiB:102400kiB:ext4:primary:;",
                ])

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that a partition can be placed immediately after a MSDOS partition table
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable msdos\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 1s --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, native_sysroot)
            self.assertEqual(partlns, [
                "1:0.50kiB:102400kiB:102400kiB:ext4::;",
                ])

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that image creation fails if the partitions would overlap
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 32     --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n" \
                        "part /bar                 --ondisk hda --offset 102431 --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            p, _ = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, ignore_status=True)
            self.assertNotEqual(p.status, 0, "wic exited successfully when an error was expected:\n%s" % p.output)

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            # Test that partitions are not allowed to overlap with the booloader
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /    --source rootfs --ondisk hda --offset 8 --fixed-size 100M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            p, _ = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, ignore_status=True)
            self.assertNotEqual(p.status, 0, "wic exited successfully when an error was expected:\n%s" % p.output)

    def test_extra_space(self):
        native_sysroot = get_bb_var("RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE", "wic-tools")

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as tempf:
            tempf.write("bootloader --ptable gpt\n" \
                        "part /     --source rootfs --ondisk hda --extra-space 200M --fstype=ext4\n")
            tempf.flush()

            _, partlns = self._get_wic_partitions(tempf.name, native_sysroot)
            self.assertEqual(len(partlns), 1)
            size = partlns[0].split(':')[3]
            self.assertRegex(size, r'^[0-9]+kiB$')
            size = int(size[:-3])
            self.assertGreaterEqual(size, 204800)

    # TODO this test could also work on aarch64
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    @OETestTag("runqemu")
    def test_rawcopy_plugin_qemu(self):
        """Test rawcopy plugin in qemu"""
        # build ext4 and then use it for a wic image
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "ext4"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        image_link_name = get_bb_var('IMAGE_LINK_NAME', 'core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)

        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\n' \
                 'IMAGE_LINK_NAME_CORE_IMAGE_MINIMAL = "%s"\n'\
                 'WKS_FILE = "test_rawcopy_plugin.wks.in"\n'\
                 % image_link_name
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal-mtdutils')
        self.remove_config(config)

        with runqemu('core-image-minimal-mtdutils', ssh=False,
                     runqemuparams='nographic', image_fstype='wic') as qemu:
            cmd = "grep sda. /proc/partitions  |wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '2')

    def _rawcopy_plugin(self, fstype):
        """Test rawcopy plugin"""
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_LINK_NAME'], image)
        params = ',unpack' if fstype.endswith('.gz') else ''
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as wks:
            wks.write('part / --source rawcopy --sourceparams="file=%s.%s%s"\n'\
                      % (bb_vars['IMAGE_LINK_NAME'], fstype, params))
            wks.flush()
            cmd = "wic create %s -e %s -o %s" % (wks.name, image, self.resultdir)
            runCmd(cmd)
            wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wks.name))[0]
            out = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*direct" % wksname))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(out))

    def test_rawcopy_plugin(self):
        self._rawcopy_plugin('ext4')

    def test_rawcopy_plugin_unpack(self):
        fstype = 'ext4.gz'
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "%s"\n' % fstype
        self.append_config(config)
        self.assertEqual(0, bitbake('core-image-minimal').status)
        self.remove_config(config)
        self._rawcopy_plugin(fstype)

    def test_empty_plugin(self):
        """Test empty plugin"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "test_empty_plugin.wks"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        bitbake(image)
        self.remove_config(config)
        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_LINK_NAME'], image)
        image_path = os.path.join(bb_vars['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'], '%s.wic' % bb_vars['IMAGE_LINK_NAME'])
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(image_path), msg="Image file %s wasn't generated as expected" % image_path)

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # Fstype column from 'wic ls' should be empty for the second partition
        # as listed in test_empty_plugin.wks
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s -n %s | awk -F ' ' '{print $1 \" \" $5}' | grep '^2' | wc -w" % (image_path, sysroot))
        self.assertEqual('1', result.output)

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    @OETestTag("runqemu")
    def test_biosplusefi_plugin_qemu(self):
        """Test biosplusefi plugin in qemu"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "test_biosplusefi_plugin.wks"\nMACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)

        with runqemu('core-image-minimal', ssh=False,
                     runqemuparams='nographic', image_fstype='wic') as qemu:
            # Check that we have ONLY two /dev/sda* partitions (/boot and /)
            cmd = "grep sda. /proc/partitions | wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '2')
            # Check that /dev/sda1 is /boot and that either /dev/root OR /dev/sda2 is /
            cmd = "mount | grep '^/dev/' | cut -f1,3 -d ' ' | egrep -c -e '/dev/sda1 /boot' -e '/dev/root /|/dev/sda2 /'"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '2')
            # Check that /boot has EFI bootx64.efi (required for EFI)
            cmd = "ls /boot/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi | wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '1')
            # Check that "BOOTABLE" flag is set on boot partition (required for PC-Bios)
            # Trailing "cat" seems to be required; otherwise run_serial() sends back echo of the input command
            cmd = "fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep /dev/sda1 | awk {print'$2'} | cat"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '*')

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    def test_biosplusefi_plugin(self):
        """Test biosplusefi plugin"""
        # Wic generation below may fail depending on the order of the unittests
        # This is because bootimg-pcbios (that bootimg-biosplusefi uses) generate its MBR inside STAGING_DATADIR directory
        #    which may or may not exists depending on what was built already
        # If an image hasn't been built yet, directory ${STAGING_DATADIR}/syslinux won't exists and _get_bootimg_dir()
        #   will raise with "Couldn't find correct bootimg_dir"
        # The easiest way to work-around this issue is to make sure we already built an image here, hence the bitbake call
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "test_biosplusefi_plugin.wks"\nMACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)

        img = 'core-image-minimal'
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as wks:
            wks.writelines(['part /boot --active --source bootimg-biosplusefi --sourceparams="loader=grub-efi"\n',
                            'part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --align 1024 --use-uuid\n'\
                            'bootloader --timeout=0 --append="console=ttyS0,115200n8"\n'])
            wks.flush()
            cmd = "wic create %s -e %s -o %s" % (wks.name, img, self.resultdir)
            runCmd(cmd)
            wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wks.name))[0]
            out = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*.direct" % wksname))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(out))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64', 'aarch64'])
    def test_uefi_kernel(self):
        """ Test uefi-kernel in wic """
        config = 'IMAGE_EFI_BOOT_FILES="/etc/fstab;testfile"\nIMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "test_uefikernel.wks"\nMACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal')
        self.remove_config(config)

        img = 'core-image-minimal'
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as wks:
            wks.writelines(['part /boot --source bootimg-efi --sourceparams="loader=uefi-kernel"\n'
                            'part / --source rootfs --fstype=ext4 --align 1024 --use-uuid\n'\
                            'bootloader --timeout=0 --append="console=ttyS0,115200n8"\n'])
            wks.flush()
            cmd = "wic create %s -e %s -o %s" % (wks.name, img, self.resultdir)
            runCmd(cmd)
            wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wks.name))[0]
            out = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*.direct" % wksname))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(out))

    # TODO this test could also work on aarch64
    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    @OETestTag("runqemu")
    def test_efi_plugin_unified_kernel_image_qemu(self):
        """Test efi plugin's Unified Kernel Image feature in qemu"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\n'\
                 'INITRAMFS_IMAGE = "core-image-minimal-initramfs"\n'\
                 'WKS_FILE = "test_efi_plugin.wks"\n'\
                 'MACHINE_FEATURES:append = " efi"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        bitbake('core-image-minimal core-image-minimal-initramfs ovmf')
        self.remove_config(config)

        with runqemu('core-image-minimal', ssh=False,
                     runqemuparams='nographic ovmf', image_fstype='wic') as qemu:
            # Check that /boot has EFI bootx64.efi (required for EFI)
            cmd = "ls /boot/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi | wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '1')
            # Check that /boot has EFI/Linux/linux.efi (required for Unified Kernel Images auto detection)
            cmd = "ls /boot/EFI/Linux/linux.efi | wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '1')
            # Check that /boot doesn't have loader/entries/boot.conf (Unified Kernel Images are auto detected by the bootloader)
            cmd = "ls /boot/loader/entries/boot.conf 2&>/dev/null | wc -l"
            status, output = qemu.run_serial(cmd)
            self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
            self.assertEqual(output, '0')

    def test_fs_types(self):
        """Test filesystem types for empty and not empty partitions"""
        img = 'core-image-minimal'
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as wks:
            wks.writelines(['part ext2   --fstype ext2     --source rootfs\n',
                            'part btrfs  --fstype btrfs    --source rootfs --size 40M\n',
                            'part squash --fstype squashfs --source rootfs\n',
                            'part swap   --fstype swap --size 1M\n',
                            'part emptyvfat   --fstype vfat   --size 1M\n',
                            'part emptymsdos  --fstype msdos  --size 1M\n',
                            'part emptyext2   --fstype ext2   --size 1M\n',
                            'part emptybtrfs  --fstype btrfs  --size 150M\n'])
            wks.flush()
            cmd = "wic create %s -e %s -o %s" % (wks.name, img, self.resultdir)
            runCmd(cmd)
            wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wks.name))[0]
            out = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*direct" % wksname))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(out))

    def test_kickstart_parser(self):
        """Test wks parser options"""
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as wks:
            wks.writelines(['part / --fstype ext3 --source rootfs --system-id 0xFF '\
                            '--overhead-factor 1.2 --size 100k\n'])
            wks.flush()
            cmd = "wic create %s -e core-image-minimal -o %s" % (wks.name, self.resultdir)
            runCmd(cmd)
            wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wks.name))[0]
            out = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*direct" % wksname))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(out))

    def test_image_bootpart_globbed(self):
        """Test globbed sources with image-bootpart plugin"""
        img = "core-image-minimal"
        cmd = "wic create sdimage-bootpart -e %s -o %s" % (img, self.resultdir)
        config = 'IMAGE_BOOT_FILES = "%s*"' % get_bb_var('KERNEL_IMAGETYPE', img)
        self.append_config(config)
        runCmd(cmd)
        self.remove_config(config)
        self.assertEqual(1, len(glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "sdimage-bootpart-*direct"))))

    def test_sparse_copy(self):
        """Test sparse_copy with FIEMAP and SEEK_HOLE filemap APIs"""
        libpath = os.path.join(self.td['COREBASE'], 'scripts', 'lib', 'wic')
        sys.path.insert(0, libpath)
        from  filemap import FilemapFiemap, FilemapSeek, sparse_copy, ErrorNotSupp
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wic-sparse") as sparse:
            src_name = sparse.name
            src_size = 1024 * 10
            sparse.truncate(src_size)
            # write one byte to the file
            with open(src_name, 'r+b') as sfile:
                sfile.seek(1024 * 4)
                sfile.write(b'\x00')
            dest = sparse.name + '.out'
            # copy src file to dest using different filemap APIs
            for api in (FilemapFiemap, FilemapSeek, None):
                if os.path.exists(dest):
                    os.unlink(dest)
                try:
                    sparse_copy(sparse.name, dest, api=api)
                except ErrorNotSupp:
                    continue # skip unsupported API
                dest_stat = os.stat(dest)
                self.assertEqual(dest_stat.st_size, src_size)
                # 8 blocks is 4K (physical sector size)
                self.assertEqual(dest_stat.st_blocks, 8)
            os.unlink(dest)

    def test_mkfs_extraopts(self):
        """Test wks option --mkfs-extraopts for empty and not empty partitions"""
        img = 'core-image-minimal'
        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wks") as wks:
            wks.writelines(
                ['part ext2   --fstype ext2     --source rootfs --mkfs-extraopts "-D -F -i 8192"\n',
                 "part btrfs  --fstype btrfs    --source rootfs --size 40M --mkfs-extraopts='--quiet'\n",
                 'part squash --fstype squashfs --source rootfs --mkfs-extraopts "-no-sparse -b 4096"\n',
                 'part emptyvfat   --fstype vfat   --size 1M --mkfs-extraopts "-S 1024 -s 64"\n',
                 'part emptymsdos  --fstype msdos  --size 1M --mkfs-extraopts "-S 1024 -s 64"\n',
                 'part emptyext2   --fstype ext2   --size 1M --mkfs-extraopts "-D -F -i 8192"\n',
                 'part emptybtrfs  --fstype btrfs  --size 100M --mkfs-extraopts "--mixed -K"\n'])
            wks.flush()
            cmd = "wic create %s -e %s -o %s" % (wks.name, img, self.resultdir)
            runCmd(cmd)
            wksname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(wks.name))[0]
            out = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "%s-*direct" % wksname))
            self.assertEqual(1, len(out))

    @skipIfNotArch(['i586', 'i686', 'x86_64'])
    @OETestTag("runqemu")
    def test_expand_mbr_image(self):
        """Test wic write --expand command for mbr image"""
        # build an image
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "directdisk.wks"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        bitbake(image)

        # get path to the image
        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_LINK_NAME'], image)
        image_path = os.path.join(bb_vars['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'], '%s.wic' % bb_vars['IMAGE_LINK_NAME'])

        self.remove_config(config)

        try:
            # expand image to 1G
            new_image_path = None
            with NamedTemporaryFile(mode='wb', suffix='.wic.exp',
                                    dir=bb_vars['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'], delete=False) as sparse:
                sparse.truncate(1024 ** 3)
                new_image_path = sparse.name

            sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')
            cmd = "wic write -n %s --expand 1:0 %s %s" % (sysroot, image_path, new_image_path)
            runCmd(cmd)

            # check if partitions are expanded
            orig = runCmd("wic ls %s -n %s" % (image_path, sysroot))
            exp = runCmd("wic ls %s -n %s" % (new_image_path, sysroot))
            orig_sizes = [int(line.split()[3]) for line in orig.output.split('\n')[1:]]
            exp_sizes = [int(line.split()[3]) for line in exp.output.split('\n')[1:]]
            self.assertEqual(orig_sizes[0], exp_sizes[0]) # first partition is not resized
            self.assertTrue(orig_sizes[1] < exp_sizes[1], msg="Parition size wasn't enlarged (%s vs %s)" % (orig_sizes[1], exp_sizes[1]))

            # Check if all free space is partitioned
            result = runCmd("%s/usr/sbin/sfdisk -F %s" % (sysroot, new_image_path))
            self.assertIn("0 B, 0 bytes, 0 sectors", result.output)

            os.rename(image_path, image_path + '.bak')
            os.rename(new_image_path, image_path)

            # Check if it boots in qemu
            with runqemu('core-image-minimal', ssh=False, runqemuparams='nographic') as qemu:
                cmd = "ls /etc/"
                status, output = qemu.run_serial('true')
                self.assertEqual(1, status, 'Failed to run command "%s": %s' % (cmd, output))
        finally:
            if os.path.exists(new_image_path):
                os.unlink(new_image_path)
            if os.path.exists(image_path + '.bak'):
                os.rename(image_path + '.bak', image_path)

    def test_gpt_partition_name(self):
        """Test --part-name argument to set partition name in GPT table"""
        config = 'IMAGE_FSTYPES += "wic"\nWKS_FILE = "test_gpt_partition_name.wks"\n'
        self.append_config(config)
        image = 'core-image-minimal'
        bitbake(image)
        self.remove_config(config)
        deploy_dir = get_bb_var('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')
        bb_vars = get_bb_vars(['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', 'IMAGE_LINK_NAME'], image)
        image_path = os.path.join(bb_vars['DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'], '%s.wic' % bb_vars['IMAGE_LINK_NAME'])

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # Image is created
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(image_path), "image file %s doesn't exist" % image_path)

        # Check the names of the three partitions
        # as listed in test_gpt_partition_name.wks
        result = runCmd("%s/usr/sbin/sfdisk --part-label %s 1" % (sysroot, image_path))
        self.assertEqual('boot-A', result.output)
        result = runCmd("%s/usr/sbin/sfdisk --part-label %s 2" % (sysroot, image_path))
        self.assertEqual('root-A', result.output)
        # When the --part-name is not defined, the partition name is equal to the --label
        result = runCmd("%s/usr/sbin/sfdisk --part-label %s 3" % (sysroot, image_path))
        self.assertEqual('ext-space', result.output)

class ModifyTests(WicTestCase):
    def test_wic_ls(self):
        """Test listing image content using 'wic ls'"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(images))

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # list partitions
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertEqual(3, len(result.output.split('\n')))

        # list directory content of the first partition
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertEqual(6, len(result.output.split('\n')))

    def test_wic_cp(self):
        """Test copy files and directories to the the wic image."""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(images))

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # list directory content of the first partition
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertEqual(6, len(result.output.split('\n')))

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wic-cp") as testfile:
            testfile.write("test")

            # copy file to the partition
            runCmd("wic cp %s %s:1/ -n %s" % (testfile.name, images[0], sysroot))

            # check if file is there
            result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
            self.assertEqual(7, len(result.output.split('\n')))
            self.assertIn(os.path.basename(testfile.name), result.output)

            # prepare directory
            testdir = os.path.join(self.resultdir, 'wic-test-cp-dir')
            testsubdir = os.path.join(testdir, 'subdir')
            os.makedirs(os.path.join(testsubdir))
            copy(testfile.name, testdir)

            # copy directory to the partition
            runCmd("wic cp %s %s:1/ -n %s" % (testdir, images[0], sysroot))

            # check if directory is there
            result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
            self.assertEqual(8, len(result.output.split('\n')))
            self.assertIn(os.path.basename(testdir), result.output)

            # copy the file from the partition and check if it success
            dest = '%s-cp' % testfile.name
            runCmd("wic cp %s:1/%s %s -n %s" % (images[0],
                    os.path.basename(testfile.name), dest, sysroot))
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(dest), msg="File %s wasn't generated as expected" % dest)


    def test_wic_rm(self):
        """Test removing files and directories from the the wic image."""
        runCmd("wic create mkefidisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "mkefidisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(images))

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')
        # Not bulletproof but hopefully sufficient
        kerneltype = get_bb_var('KERNEL_IMAGETYPE', 'virtual/kernel')

        # list directory content of the first partition
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1 -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertIn('\n%s ' % kerneltype.upper(), result.output)
        self.assertIn('\nEFI          <DIR>     ', result.output)

        # remove file. EFI partitions are case-insensitive so exercise that too
        runCmd("wic rm %s:1/%s -n %s" % (images[0], kerneltype.lower(), sysroot))

        # remove directory
        runCmd("wic rm %s:1/efi -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))

        # check if they're removed
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:1 -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertNotIn('\n%s        ' % kerneltype.upper(), result.output)
        self.assertNotIn('\nEFI          <DIR>     ', result.output)

    def test_wic_ls_ext(self):
        """Test listing content of the ext partition using 'wic ls'"""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(images))

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # list directory content of the second ext4 partition
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertTrue(set(['bin', 'home', 'proc', 'usr', 'var', 'dev', 'lib', 'sbin']).issubset(
                            set(line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line)), msg="Expected directories not present %s" % result.output)

    def test_wic_cp_ext(self):
        """Test copy files and directories to the ext partition."""
        runCmd("wic create wictestdisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "wictestdisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(images))

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # list directory content of the ext4 partition
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        dirs = set(line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line)
        self.assertTrue(set(['bin', 'home', 'proc', 'usr', 'var', 'dev', 'lib', 'sbin']).issubset(dirs), msg="Expected directories not present %s" % dirs)

        with NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".wic-cp") as testfile:
            testfile.write("test")

            # copy file to the partition
            runCmd("wic cp %s %s:2/ -n %s" % (testfile.name, images[0], sysroot))

            # check if file is there
            result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
            newdirs = set(line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line)
            self.assertEqual(newdirs.difference(dirs), set([os.path.basename(testfile.name)]))

            # check if the file to copy is in the partition
            result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/etc/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
            self.assertIn('fstab', [line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line])

            # copy file from the partition, replace the temporary file content with it and
            # check for the file size to validate the copy
            runCmd("wic cp %s:2/etc/fstab %s -n %s" % (images[0], testfile.name, sysroot))
            self.assertTrue(os.stat(testfile.name).st_size > 0, msg="Filesize not as expected %s" % os.stat(testfile.name).st_size)


    def test_wic_rm_ext(self):
        """Test removing files from the ext partition."""
        runCmd("wic create mkefidisk "
                                   "--image-name=core-image-minimal "
                                   "-D -o %s" % self.resultdir)
        images = glob(os.path.join(self.resultdir, "mkefidisk-*.direct"))
        self.assertEqual(1, len(images))

        sysroot = get_bb_var('RECIPE_SYSROOT_NATIVE', 'wic-tools')

        # list directory content of the /etc directory on ext4 partition
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/etc/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertIn('fstab', [line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line])

        # remove file
        runCmd("wic rm %s:2/etc/fstab -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))

        # check if it's removed
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/etc/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertNotIn('fstab', [line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line])

        # remove non-empty directory
        runCmd("wic rm -r %s:2/etc/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))

        # check if it's removed
        result = runCmd("wic ls %s:2/ -n %s" % (images[0], sysroot))
        self.assertNotIn('etc', [line.split()[-1] for line in result.output.split('\n') if line])